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Rudolf Albert Scharping (born 2 December 1947) is a German lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).
He first rose to prominence as Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate (1991–1994). He was his party's federal chairman from 1993 to 1995 and in 1994 ran an effort, ultimately unsuccessful, to oust Chancellor Helmut Kohl in the federal elections. In 1998, he became Defence Minister in the government of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder but resigned shortly before the 2002 elections.
From March 1995 to May 2001, he served as chairman of the Party of European Socialists (PES).
He was a member of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate from 1975 to 1994. In 1985, he became his party's chairman in the state and in 1991, the young, full-bearded man led his party to a surprise victory over the Christian Democrats, which had dominated state politics until then. Forming a coalition with the Free Democratic Party, Scharping was elected Minister-President on 21 May 1991 – an office he would hold until 15 October 1994.
In the 1994 elections, Scharping ran as the SPD's candidate for Chancellor. As part of his campaign, he included his long-term rivals Gerhard Schröder and Oskar Lafontaine in his shadow cabinet.Ferdinand Protzman (30 August 1994), German Opposition Names Shadow Cabinet in Hopes of Votes The New York Times. He made social justice the centerpiece of his campaign.Craig R. Whitney (17 October 1994), Kohl's Slate Slips as Germans Vote: Keeps Small Edge New York Times. Throughout the campaign, he refused to commit to a coalition partner. While the environmentalist Alliance 90/The Greens were widely seen as his party's most likely partner, he himself had governed Rhineland-Palatinate in a coalition with the Free Democrats.Craig R. Whitney (11 October 1994), Prospects for Kohl Uncertain as Vote In Germany Nears New York Times. Sharping promised that he would move into federal politics, even if he lost the election.
Scharping's opponent in the elections was the CDU's Helmut Kohl, who then had been Chancellor for twelve years, had forged German reunification in 1990 but whose popularity had taken hits due to ailing economic recovery in East Germany. By March 1994, the much younger Scharping held a 15-point lead over Kohl in the pollsFerdinand Protzman (30 August 1994), German Opposition Names Shadow Cabinet in Hopes of Votes The New York Times. but eventually Kohl won the election, despite a decreased share in the vote.
True to his promise, Sharping resigned as Minister-President – his successor was Kurt Beck – and became leader of the opposition in Bonn. In his capacity as chairman of the SPD parliamentary group, he also served on the Committee on the Election of Judges ( Wahlausschuss), which is in charge of appointing judges to the Federal Constitutional Court.
As chairman of the SPD, Scharping spoke out against the Euro that would leave Germany with a currency weaker than the Deutsche Mark.Alan Cowell (17 November 1995), Germany's Social Democrats Replace Leader With a Rival The New York Times.
As leader of the opposition, Sharping was increasingly faced with criticism within his own party. While he preferred a centrist course aiming at capitalising on mistakes made by the Christian Democrats, more left-wing members and others sought a more confrontative approach, dubbing Scharping's line a Schmusekurs (cuddling course). After the SPD did not perform well in several state elections, Scharping was ousted from the party leadership at the 1995 federal party conference at Mannheim, Oskar Lafontaine, the Saarland's more left-leaning Minister-President (and himself a former, failed candidate for chancellor) addressed the party members in a rousing speech, to which Scharping's reflective mode seemed dry and boring. The next, Lafontaine defeated Scharping in an upset vote. Scharping, however, was elected as one of five vice-chairmen and retained that office in 1997, 1999 and 2001. Scharping also visually marked this defeat by shaving off his full beard.
In 1999, Scharping established a government-appointed independent commission headed by former President Richard von Weizsäcker to develop recommendations on the reform of the Bundeswehr.Roger Cohen (24 May 2000), Germans Plan To Trim Army And Rely Less On the Draft The New York Times.
By July 1999, Scharping was widely considered the leading candidate to become the new Secretary General of NATO; however, he declined that position.
During a visit to United States Secretary of Defense William Cohen in 2000, Scharping was injured and briefly hospitalized after a steel security barrier sprang up beneath his motorcade as it arrived for an honors ceremony at the Pentagon.Steven Lee Myers (17 November 1995), Pentagon Security Gate Misfires, Injuring German The New York Times.
In 2001, Scharping was criticized publicly by Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld when he was found to be the source of a report that the United States would intervene in Somalia as part of the campaign against terrorism.
Ahead of the 2002 elections, Schröder dismissed Scharping after weekly magazine Stern reported that he had accepted some $71,000 from a Frankfurt public relations company in 1998 and 1999, while he was minister.
Following his dismissal as Minister of Defense, Scharping withdrew his candidacy for reelection as vice chairman as his chances were meagre. His successor as vice chairman was again Kurt Beck. He kept his Bundestag seat but did not run again in the 2005 elections. For the remainder of his term, he served on the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
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